Assessing the Need of Adaptive Changes for Emerging NORCs in Urban India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.41007Keywords:
Aging of population, Urban India, NORC, Adaptive Changes, Elderly Housing, Barrier-freeAbstract
Due to population ageing, today’s high-rise apartments in Indian cities, which are currently mainly owned by young professionals, will turn into naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) in near future. Though many urban housing complexes of 1970s and 1980s are already serving as NORCs, the term is comparatively new to Indian housing research. This huge existing housing stock is inadequate for special gerontological needs of the elderly, who are fragile and socially vulnerable. Informal opinion of common people revealed that holistic requirement for elderly in housing is still grossly confused with vertical transport, i.e., elevators, and little attention is paid to other architectural features. As part of an ongoing doctoral study, a detailed literature review was undertaken on the vulnerability profile of Indian urban elderly in the context of special requirements of barrier-free housing. This article aims to establish the urgent need to assess the adaptive potential of existing housing communities serving as NORCs in Indian cities, such that new housing in the future can be planned with flexible approach.
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References
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[11] CHAUDHURI, A. and DAS, S. (2014) An Agile City for fragile people. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Megacities, 11–14 November 2014.
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[13] CHOE, S.H. and LEE T.K. (2011) A study on building sustainable communities in high-rise and high-density apartments – Focused on living program. Building and Environment, 46(7), pp. 1428–1435.
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[16] DEMIRIS, G., RANTZ, M.J. AUD, M.A., MAREK, K.D., TYRER, H.W., SKUBIC, M. and HUSSAM, A.A. (2004) Older adults’ attitudes towards and perceptions of ‘smart home’ technologies: A pilot study. Medical Informatics and the Internet in Medicine, 29(2), pp. 87–94.
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[18] ELDER, A.T., SQUIRES, T.and BUSUTTIL, A. (1996) Fire fatalities in elderly people. Age & Ageing, 25(3), pp. 214–216.
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[20] FAUSSET, C.B., KELLY, A.J., ROGERS, W.A. and FISK, A.D. (2011) Challenges to Ageing in place: Understanding home maintenance difficulties. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 25(2), pp. 125–141.
[21] FONAD, E., WAHLIN, T.B.R., HEIKKILA, K. and EMAMI, A. (2006) Moving to and living in a retirement home. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 20(3), pp. 45–60.
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[23] GIFFORD, R. (2007) The consequences of living in high–rise buildings. Architectural Science Review, 50(1), pp. 2–17.
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[27] HUNT, M. E. and GUNTER–HUNT, G. (1986) Naturally occurring retirement communities. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 3 (3/4), pp.3–21.
[28] HWANG, E., CUMMINGS, L., SIXSMITH, A. and SIXSMITH, J.(2011) Impacts of home modifications on Ageing-in-place. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 25(3), pp. 246–257.
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[44] MELLOR, D., FIRTH, L. and MOORE, K. (2008) Can the internet improve the well-being of the elderly? Ageing International, 32(1), 25–42.
[45] MUHURI, S. and BASU, S. (2014) Social interaction and neighbours’ relation in high-rise housings in Kolkata, India – Findings from focus group survey. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Megacities, Kolkata, 11–14 November 2014.
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[48] NORMOYLE, J.B. and FOLEY, J.M. (1988) The defensible space model of fear and elderly public housing residents. Environment & Behaviour, 20(1), pp. 50–74.
[49] PALTASINGH, T. and TYAGI, R. (2012) Demographic Transition and Population Ageing: Building an Inclusive Culture. Social Change, 42(3), pp. 391–409.
[50] RAAD, M.W. and YANG, L.T. (2009) A ubiquitous smart home for elderly. Information Systems Frontiers, 11(5), pp. 529–536.
[51] RENAUT, S. and OGG, J. (2011) Adapting the home or adapting to the home? WS-15 : Housing and Living Condition of Ageing Populations, In: Proceedings of the 23rd European Network for Housing Research (ENHR) Conference 2011, Toulouse, 5-8 July 2011. Delft: ENHR.
[52] SEIDEL, D., CRILLY, N., MATTHEWS, F. E., JAGGER, C., BRAYNE,C., and CLARKSON, P. J. (2009) Patterns of functional loss among older people: A prospective analysis. Human Factors, 51(5), pp. 669–680.
[53] SINGAPORE. BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY (2007) Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment 2007. Singapore: BCA. Available from: http://www.bca.gov.sg/BarrierFree/others/AccessibilityCode2007.pdf [Accessed: 9 January 2016].
[54] SIVAMURTHY, M. and WADAKANNAVAR, A.R. (2001) Care and support for the elderly population in India: results from a survey of the aged in rural north Karnataka (India). In: Proceedings of the 24th IUSSP General Population Conference, Salvador, 18–24 August, 2001. Paris: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. UNITED NATIONS (2002) Political declaration and Madrid international plan of action on ageing, New York: UN.UNITED NATIONS (2009) World Population Ageing 2009: ESA/P/WP/212, New York: UN.
[55] VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES (2000) Aged Care Residential Services: Generic Brief. Melbourne: Aged, Community & Mental Health Division.
[56] WAGNILD, G. (2012) Chapter 4: Growing old at home. In: PASTALAN, L.A. and SCHWARZ, B. (eds.) Housing choices and well-being of older adults: Proper fit. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, pp. 71–84
[57] WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (2007) Global age-friendly cities: a guide. Geneva: WHO.
[58] WINTER, D.E. (2004) Development of an elderly high-rise fire safety plan for the city of Rochester fire department: Leading community risk reduction. New York: National Fire Academy. Available from: https://nfa.usfa.fema.gov/pdf/efop/efo37497.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2015].
[59] YUEN, B., YEH, A., APPLOLD, S.J., EARL, G., TING, J. and KWEE, L.K. (2006). High-rise living in Singapore public housing. Urban Studies, 43(3), pp. 583–600.
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Journal of Creative Space by Chitkara University Publications is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://cs.chitkara.edu.in/ |
