Managing Security in the Built Environment – A Review of Environmental Crime Prevention Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2015.22001Keywords:
Environmental Criminology, Fear of Crime, Crime Prevention StrategiesAbstract
The practice of urban planning and building design largely follow traditional methods while transforming the structure and quality of life in the built environment. The process of managing cities requires updates and integration of new technologies and research efforts. In this context, development of smart, sustainable, energy efficient, healthy, safe and secure built environment is a priority that is shaping modern cities all over the world. Though management of Indian cities tries to address these issues to a certain extent, it can be said that, as compared to many developed countries, aspects of safety and security have not been the top priority of our planners and designers. Research on Environmental Criminology and Environmental Psychology clearly indicates the important role and benefits of crime prevention through appropriate design of the built environment. In this context, this paper highlights the role of crime prevention strategies and the relevance of environmental criminology in current building practices for addressing security concerns in India.
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References
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[34] NEWMAN, O., (1972) Defensible Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan publishing company.
[35] NEWMAN, O., (1996) Creating Defensible Space, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,Office of Policy Development and Research.
[36] PAULSEN, D. J. & ROBINSON, M. B., (2004) Spatial Aspects of Crime: Theory and Practice. New York : Pearson Education.
[37] RAMSAY, M., (1991) The effect of better street lighting on crime and fear: A Review, London: Crime Prevention Unit Papers.
[38] SAMUELS, R., (2011) CPTED Framework:Public Realm – Scoping Paper, s.l.: The Department of Justice and Attorney General New South Wales.
[39] SCHNEIDER, S. & PEARCEY, P., (1996) The theory and practice of crime prevention through environmental design: A literature review.
[40] SHAFEEQ, B. M. A. & BINU, V., (2014) Spatial Patterns of Crimes in India using Data Mining Techniques. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 3(11).
[41] SHERMAN, L., GARTIN, P. R. & BUERGER, M. E., (1989) Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place. Criminology, Volume 27, pp. 27-55. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x
[42] SHERMAN, L. W., (1995) Hot Spots of Crime and Criminal Careers of Places. In: D. W. JOHN E. ECK, ed. Crime and Place. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 35-65.
[43] SOOMEREN, P. V., (2002) The European standard for the reduction of crime and fear of crime by urban planning and building design. Athens, Greece, s.n.
[44] SORENSEN, D., (2003) The Nature and Prevention of Residential Burglary: A Review of the International Literature with an Eye Towards Prevention in Denmark, Denmark: Denmark’s Ministry of Justice.
[45] SUBBAIYAN, G. & TADEPALLI, S., (2012) An Investigation of the Relationship between Features of Bus Shelters and Fear of Crime at Bus Stops. The IUP Journal of Architecture, 4(1), pp. 54-63 .
[46] TAYLOR, R. B., (1999) The Incivilities thesis: Theory, measurement, and policy. In: Measuring What Matters. Washington, D.C: National Institute of Justice/Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, pp. pp 65-88.
[47] TAYLOR, R. B., GOTTFREDSON, S. D. & BROWER, S., (1981) Territorial cognitions and social climate in urban neighborhoods. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2(3), p. 289–303. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp0204_5
[48] TAYLOR, R. B., SHUMAKER, S. A. & GOTTFREDSON, S. D., (1985) Neighborhoodlevel links between physical features and local sentiments: Deterioration, fear of crime, and confidence. Journal of Architectural Planning and Research, Volume 2, pp. 261-275.
[49] WILSON, J. Q. & KELLING, G., (1982) Broken Windows. Atlantic Monthly, Volume 211, p. 29–38.
[2] ATKINS, S., HUSAIN, S. & STOREY, A., (1991) The influence of street lighting on crime and fear of crime - crime prevention unit paper no. 28. London: Home Office Crime Prevention Unit.
[3] BRANTINGHAM, P. J. & BRANTINGHAM, P. L., (1981) Environmental Criminology. United States of America: Sage Publications.
[4] BRANTINGHAM, P. J. & BRANTINGHAM, P. L., (1993) Nodes. Paths and Edges: Considerations on Environmental Criminology. Journal of Environmental Psychology, Volume 13, pp. 3-28. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80212-9
[5] BRANTINGHAM, P. L. & BRANTINGHAM, P. J., (1998) Mapping Crime for Analytic Purposes: Location Quotients, Counts, and Rates. In: D. M. DAVID WEISBURD, ed. Crime Prevention Studies, vol. 8. : . Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press.
[6] BROWER, S., DOCKETT, K. & TAYLOR, R. B., (1983) Residents’ perceptions of territorial features and perceived local threat. Environment and Behavior, 15(4), pp. 419-437. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916583154002
[7] CLARKE, R. V., (1997) Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. Guilderland, New York: Harrow and Heston.
[8] CLARKE, R. V., HOUGH, M., MAYHEW, P. & STURMAN, A., (1976) Crime as Opportunity. Home Office Research Study No. 34, London: H.M.S.O.
[9] CLARKE, R. V. & MAYHEW, P., (1980) Designing out Crime. London: H.M.S.O.
[10] COLES, C. & KELLING, G., (1996) Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order And Reducing Crime In Our Communities. New York: The Free Press.
[11] CROWE, T., (2000) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
[12] DOENGES, G. W., (2000) An exploration of sense of community and fear of crime in gated communities. Environment and Behavior, 32(5), pp. 597-611. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/00139160021972694
[13] ECK, O. E. & WEISBURD, D., (1995) Crime and place. Monsey, N.Y: Criminal Justice Press.
[14] FISHER, B. S. & NASAR, J. L., (1992) Fear of Crime in Relation to Three Exterior Site Features: Prospect, Refuge, and Escape. Environment and Behavior, 24(1), pp. 35-65. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916592241002
[15] GREENBERG, S. & ROHE, W., (1984) Neighborhood Design and Crime. APA Journal, pp. Vol. 50:1, pp. 48-61.
[16] HALE, C., (1996) Fear of Crime: A Review of the Literature. International Review of Victimology, Volume 4, pp. 79-150. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809600400201
[17] HANNAH, C., TADEPPALLI, S. & SUBAIYAN, G., (2013) Computer aided modular geometric modeling, to study the perception of safety. Singapore, s.n.
[18] HILLIER, B. & SHU, S., (2000) Crime and urban layout: the need for evidence. In: V. MACLAREN, S. BALLANTYNE & K. PEASE, eds. Crime Prevention and Community Safety. London: Institute of Public Policy Research, p. 224–248.
[19] JACOBS, J., (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
[20] JAISHANKAR, K., SHANMUGAPRIYA, S. & V.BALAMURUGAN, (2001) Crime mapping in India: A GIS Implementation in Chennai City Policing. Texas, Dallas, USA, s.n.
[21] JAYAMALA, M., (2008) Trends and Spatial Patterns of Crime in India: A Case Study of a District in India, s.l.: s.n.
[22] JEFFERY, C. R., (1971) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications.
[23] JEFFERY, C. R., (1977) Crime Prevention through Environmental Design. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage publications.
[24] LAVRAKAS, P., (1982) Fear of Crime and Behavioral Restrictions in Urban and Suburban Neighborhoods. Population and Environment, Volume 5, p. 242–264. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257073
[25] LOEWEN, L. J., STEEL, G. D. & SUEDFELD, P., (1993) Perceived safety from crime in the urban environment. Journal Environmental Psychology, 13(4), pp. 323-331. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80254-3
[26] M. VIJAYKUMAR & C.CHANDRASEKAR, (2011) Evolution of Micro, Macro, Me so Level Simulations for Spatial Analysis of Burglary in Metropolis Using Crime Mapping and GIS. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 1(5).
[27] MACDONALD, J. E. & GIFFORD, R., (1989) Territorial cues and defensible space theory: The burglar’s point of view. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9(3), p. 193–205. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(89)80034-9
[28] MERRY, S. E., (1981) Urban Danger: Life in a Neighborhood of Strangers. s.l.:Temple University Press.
[29] MOFFAT, R., (1983) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design – A Management Perspective. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 25(Part 4), pp. 19-31.
[30] MOTOYAMA, T., MURRAY, C., ROUSE, W. V. & RUBENSTEIN, H., (1980) Link Between Crime and the Built Environment - The Current State of Knowledge, Volume 1. Rockville, United States of America: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.
[31] NALLA, M. K., JOHNSON, J. D. & HAYES-SMITH, R., (2011) Prior Victimization, Region, and Neighborhood Effects on Fear of Crime in Mumbai, India. Asian Criminology, Volume 6, p. 141–159. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11417-011-9114-y
[32] NASAR, J., FISHER, B. & GRANNIS, M., (1993) Proximate physical cues to fear of crime. Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 26, pp. 161-178. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0169-2046(93)90014-5
[33] NASAR, J. L., (1988) Visual preferences in urban street scenes: a cross-cultural comparison between Japan and the. In: Environmental aesthetics. United States: Cambridge University Press, pp. 260-274. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511571213; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511571213.025
[34] NEWMAN, O., (1972) Defensible Space; Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan publishing company.
[35] NEWMAN, O., (1996) Creating Defensible Space, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,Office of Policy Development and Research.
[36] PAULSEN, D. J. & ROBINSON, M. B., (2004) Spatial Aspects of Crime: Theory and Practice. New York : Pearson Education.
[37] RAMSAY, M., (1991) The effect of better street lighting on crime and fear: A Review, London: Crime Prevention Unit Papers.
[38] SAMUELS, R., (2011) CPTED Framework:Public Realm – Scoping Paper, s.l.: The Department of Justice and Attorney General New South Wales.
[39] SCHNEIDER, S. & PEARCEY, P., (1996) The theory and practice of crime prevention through environmental design: A literature review.
[40] SHAFEEQ, B. M. A. & BINU, V., (2014) Spatial Patterns of Crimes in India using Data Mining Techniques. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 3(11).
[41] SHERMAN, L., GARTIN, P. R. & BUERGER, M. E., (1989) Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place. Criminology, Volume 27, pp. 27-55. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x
[42] SHERMAN, L. W., (1995) Hot Spots of Crime and Criminal Careers of Places. In: D. W. JOHN E. ECK, ed. Crime and Place. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 35-65.
[43] SOOMEREN, P. V., (2002) The European standard for the reduction of crime and fear of crime by urban planning and building design. Athens, Greece, s.n.
[44] SORENSEN, D., (2003) The Nature and Prevention of Residential Burglary: A Review of the International Literature with an Eye Towards Prevention in Denmark, Denmark: Denmark’s Ministry of Justice.
[45] SUBBAIYAN, G. & TADEPALLI, S., (2012) An Investigation of the Relationship between Features of Bus Shelters and Fear of Crime at Bus Stops. The IUP Journal of Architecture, 4(1), pp. 54-63 .
[46] TAYLOR, R. B., (1999) The Incivilities thesis: Theory, measurement, and policy. In: Measuring What Matters. Washington, D.C: National Institute of Justice/Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, pp. pp 65-88.
[47] TAYLOR, R. B., GOTTFREDSON, S. D. & BROWER, S., (1981) Territorial cognitions and social climate in urban neighborhoods. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2(3), p. 289–303. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp0204_5
[48] TAYLOR, R. B., SHUMAKER, S. A. & GOTTFREDSON, S. D., (1985) Neighborhoodlevel links between physical features and local sentiments: Deterioration, fear of crime, and confidence. Journal of Architectural Planning and Research, Volume 2, pp. 261-275.
[49] WILSON, J. Q. & KELLING, G., (1982) Broken Windows. Atlantic Monthly, Volume 211, p. 29–38.
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2015-01-21
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Journal of Creative Space by Chitkara University Publications is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://cs.chitkara.edu.in/ |
